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ANZAC Day - Lest we forget

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Did a search and couldnt see this anywhere.

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What is ANZAC Day?

ANZAC Day – 25 April – is probably Australia's most important national occasion. It marks the anniversary of the first major military action fought by Australian and New Zealand forces during the First World War.

What does ANZAC stand for?

ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers in those forces quickly became known as ANZACs, and the pride they took in that name endures to this day.

[/url]Why is this day special to Australians?

When war broke out in 1914, Australia had been a federal commonwealth for only 13 years. The new national government was eager to establish its reputation among the nations of the world. In 1915 Australian and New Zealand soldiers formed part of the allied expedition that set out to capture the Gallipoli peninsula in order to open the Dardanelles to the allied navies. The ultimate objective was to capture Constantinople (now Istanbul in Turkey), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, an ally of Germany.

The Australian and New Zealand forces landed on Gallipoli on 25 April, meeting fierce resistance from the Ottoman Turkish defenders. What had been planned as a bold stroke to knock Turkey out of the war quickly became a stalemate, and the campaign dragged on for eight months. At the end of 1915 the allied forces were evacuated, after both sides had suffered heavy casualties and endured great hardships. Over 8,000 Australian soldiers had been killed. News of the landing on Gallipoli had made a profound impact on Australians at home, and 25 April soon became the day on which Australians remembered the sacrifice of those who had died in the war.

Although the Gallipoli campaign failed in its military objectives, the Australian and New Zealand actions during the campaign left us all a powerful legacy. The creation of what became known as the “ANZAC legend” became an important part of the identity of both nations, shaping the ways they viewed both their past and their future.

Early commemorations

The 25th of April was officially named ANZAC Day in 1916. It was marked by a wide variety of ceremonies and services in Australia, a march through London, and a sports day in the Australian camp in Egypt. In London over 2,000 Australian and New Zealand troops marched through the streets. A London newspaper headline dubbed them “the knights of Gallipoli”. Marches were held all over Australia; in the Sydney march, convoys of cars carried wounded soldiers from Gallipoli attended by nurses. For the remaining years of the war, ANZAC Day was used as an occasion for patriotic rallies and recruiting campaigns, and parades of serving members of the AIF were held in most cities.

During the 1920s ANZAC Day became established as a national day of commemoration for the 60,000 Australians who had died during the war. In 1927, for the first time every state observed some form of public holiday on ANZAC Day. By the mid-1930s, all the rituals we now associate with the day – dawn vigils, marches, memorial services, reunions, two-up games – were firmly established as part of ANZAC Day culture.

With the coming of the Second World War, ANZAC Day also served to commemorate the lives of Australians who died in that war. In subsequent years the meaning of the day has been further broadened to include Australians killed in all the military operations in which Australia has been involved.

ANZAC Day was first commemorated at the Memorial in 1942. There were government orders prohibiting large public gatherings in case of a Japanese air attack, so it was a small occasion, with neither a march nor a memorial service. Since then, ANZAC Day has been commemorated at the Memorial every year.

What does it mean today?

Australians recognise 25 April as an occasion of national remembrance, which takes two forms. Commemorative services are held at dawn – the time of the original landing – across the nation. Later in the day, ex-servicemen and women meet to take part in marches through the major cities and in many smaller centres. Commemorative ceremonies are more formal and are held at war memorials around the country. In these ways, ANZAC Day is a time when Australians reflect on the many different meanings of war.

The Dawn Service observed on ANZAC Day has its origins in a military routine which is still followed by the Australian Army today. During battle, the half-light of dawn was one of the most favoured times for an attack. Soldiers in defensive positions were woken in the dark before dawn, so by the time first light crept across the battlefield they were awake, alert, and manning their weapons; this is still known as the “stand-to”. As dusk is equally favourable for attacks, the stand-to was repeated at sunset.

After the First World War, returned soldiers sought the comradeship they had felt in those quiet, peaceful moments before dawn. A dawn vigil, recalling the wartime front line practice of the dawn ‘stand-to’, became the basis of a form of commemoration in several places after the war. There are claims that a dawn requiem mass was held at Albany on 25 April 1918, and a wreath laying and commemoration took place at dawn in Toowoomba the following year. In 1927 a group of returned men, returning from an ANZAC function held the night before, came upon an elderly woman laying flowers at the as yet unfinished Sydney Cenotaph. Joining her in this private remembrance, the men later resolved to institute a dawn service the following year. Thus in 1928 150 people gathered at the Cenotaph to for a wreath laying and two minutes silence. This is generally regarded as the beginning of organised dawn services. Over the years the ceremonies have developed into their modern form and also seen an increased association with the dawn landings on 25 April 1915.

Today dawn services include the presence of a chaplain, but not the presence of dignitaries such as the governor general. They were originally very simple and followed the military routine. In many cases, attendance at the dawn service was restricted to veterans, while the daytime ceremony was for families and other well-wishers. Before dawn, the gathered veterans would be ordered to “stand to” and two minutes’ silence would follow. At the end of this time a lone bugler would play the Last Post and then conclude the service with Reveille, the bugler’s call to wake up.

In more recent times families and young people have been encouraged to take part in dawn services, and services in Australian capital cities have seen some of the largest turnouts ever. Reflecting this change, those services have become more elaborate, incorporating hymns, readings, pipers, and rifle volleys. Other services, though, have retained the simple format of the dawn stand-to, familiar to so many soldiers.

The ANZAC Day Ceremony

At the Australian War Memorial, the ceremony takes place at 10.15 am in the presence of people such as the prime minister and the governor general. Each year the ceremony follows a pattern that is familiar to generations of Australians. A typical ANZAC Day ceremony may include the following features: an introduction, hymn, prayer, an address, laying of wreaths, a recitation, the Last Post, a period of silence, either the Rouse or the Reveille, and the national anthem. After the Memorial’s ceremony, families often place red poppies beside the names of relatives on the Memorial’s Roll of Honour, as they also do after Remembrance Day services.

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The Aussies were certainly a big help for us in World War II. I believe they were vital in holding territory that the Japanese wanted but I'm no expert.

I always wondered though, why doesn't Australia just use rememberance day rather than have their own day?

Edit: And why is the text in bold?

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The Aussies were certainly a big help for us in World War II. I believe they were vital in holding territory that the Japanese wanted but I'm no expert.

I always wondered though, why doesn't Australia just use rememberance day rather than have their own day?

Edit: And why is the text in bold?[/b]

With a bit of wiki help, 25th of April was the day they landed on Gallipoli, which was the start of a bloody campaign that lead to the loss of many lives, this was the first campaign as Australian and New Zealand combined forces.

They do commemorate the signing of the Armistice on 11/11 but Anzac day is a national holiday, unlike remembrance day, and has become a much bigger tribute.

And I don't know why it is all in bold, probably an open tag somewhere, I can't close it.

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The disaster that was Gallipoli is etched deep in the psyche of most older austrailians, not sure about the younger people as I have not been for a few years. Many see it as the time when the Aussie character was truly forged. The conflict lasted from April to December 1915 costing the Aussies over 8700 dead and thousands more wounded. The NZ element suffered over 2000 dead, 6000 wounded and the Brits 21,000 dead and 198,000 wounded. Some estimates put the Turkish dead at over 400,000. More huge numbers amongst the sacrifice of a generation. We do forget until we are reminded.

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The disaster that was Gallipoli is etched deep in the psyche of most older austrailians, not sure about the younger people as I have not been for a few years. Many see it as the time when the Aussie character was truly forged. The conflict lasted from April to December 1915 costing the Aussies over 8700 dead and thousands more wounded. The NZ element suffered over 2000 dead, 6000 wounded and the Brits 21,000 dead and 198,000 wounded. Some estimates put the Turkish dead at over 400,000. More huge numbers amongst the sacrifice of a generation. We do forget until we are reminded.

it is incredibly pleasing to see the respect by young australians for ANZAC day and the people who gave their lives fighting for freedom.

If you have 90 minutes, can i recomend the Documentary Galipoli 2005 (NOT the sam neil movie). the Doco is based on letters and account from actual combatants, incredible truly emotional.

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it is incredibly pleasing to see the respect by young australians for ANZAC day and the people who gave their lives fighting for freedom.

If you have 90 minutes, can i recomend the Documentary Galipoli 2005 (NOT the sam neil movie). the Doco is based on letters and account from actual combatants, incredible truly emotional.

I'll do that. I have studied the campaign in some detail as well as some of the anecdotal history. A glorious failure perhaps but many lessons were learnt about amphibious landings on hostile shores (which were entirely forgotten until after the Dieppe raid in 1942).

The only reason I mentioned I was unsure about some of the younger people appreciating the effect on the Aussie psyche is that I have a friend serving is 1RAR in based Laverack Queensland. Last time we spoke he said that so many of the newer migrant arrivals in Oz showed little or no respect for the flag or sacrifices past. Only his opinion of course and he is a career soldier set in his ways.

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I'll do that. I have studied the campaign in some detail as well as some of the anecdotal history. A glorious failure perhaps but many lessons were learnt about amphibious landings on hostile shores (which were entirely forgotten until after the Dieppe raid in 1942).

The only reason I mentioned I was unsure about some of the younger people appreciating the effect on the Aussie psyche is that I have a friend serving is 1RAR in based Laverack Queensland. Last time we spoke he said that so many of the newer migrant arrivals in Oz showed little or no respect for the flag or sacrifices past. Only his opinion of course and he is a career soldier set in his ways.

Dawn service respect is greater than ever at the moment, 40,000 people attended the Dawn service in Kings Park in Perth this morning. To watch the tears in my (mid 20s ) daughters eyes as she stood fills me with pride and hope for the future.

If you get the chance google dawn service perth... amazing pics and vids.

The Gallipoli doco is horrific, but so very informative, and well balanced from both sides.

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Always a touching day and a respectful day. My Grandfather fought in WW11 and then continued on after the war for a few years after that.

He also published and distrubited a book he also contributed to some of the stories and facts, about the war ship he was on.

RB07842.JPG

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Always a touching day and a respectful day. My Grandfather fought in WW11 and then continued on after the war for a few years after that.

He also published and distrubited a book he also contributed to some of the stories and facts, about the war ship he was on.

RB07842.JPG

Leicester fan and a war hero. What a top bloke :thumbup:

Do you know if he fought in Europe or the Pacific?

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Leicester fan and a war hero. What a top bloke :thumbup:

Do you know if he fought in Europe or the Pacific?

He wasn't a Leicester fan, probably doesn't know where Leicester is. Not sure exactly i would need to read the book again or ask him next time i see him believe he went to both. He is still alive 91 next month and although his body is failing him, been riddled with cancer for as long as i can remember. Even has operations that give him less than a 50/50% he doesn't tell anyone and just takes himself off to hospital and gets on with it, part of that generation no complaining just get on with life etc. I know he was a signal men and did numerous tours even after the war. Also had a stint in the Army after the Navy, his not bitter and even took my Grandma on a cruise back to Japan. I remember as a kid my dad taking me to the dawn service and watching the diggers march, makes me really respect what they went thru and what we have today.

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  • 11 months later...

Great thing is more kids and younger people in general seem to be going to Dawn services, it truly is a super proud day to be Australian hearing the stories from all the old diggers makes you realise what we have.

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Great thing is more kids and younger people in general seem to be going to Dawn services, it truly is a super proud day to be Australian hearing the stories from all the old diggers makes you realise what we have.

:thumbup:

amazing, my daughter has been to more Dawn services than i have, its changed over the last 20 years

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:thumbup:

amazing, my daughter has been to more Dawn services than i have, its changed over the last 20 years

I'm a member of our local RSL so popped down there quickly for a quick beer and i think non of the old fellas in there had to pay for a single drink all day and were generally treated like celebraties. Probably the only day it's socially acceptable for grown men to cry......men of all ages.

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Interesting read. I think if I ever go there it'll be at a quieter time of year

http://www.theage.com.au/travel/should-we-really-be-going-to-gallipoli-20130424-2idrd.html

There's respect in Gallipoli, plenty of it. It's a solemn service and I'm sure the vast majority of people attend it stone cold sober to remember the fallen.

But there's also a party element to the Gallipoli trips, as there always will be at an event attended by busloads of young travellers on their European adventure. So there are those who stay up all night, and those who stay up partying all night. There's the Australian-flags-for-capes element to the crowd, the ones who are there for a good time, not a long time.

You don't want to judge anyone's motivations for turning up at Gallipoli. Those with the flag capes have just as much right to remember as anyone else, to mark the occasion.

But the problem I'd have is when the trip becomes less about the remembering and more about the celebrating. When the occasion of having busloads of fellow Aussies in a foreign land overshadows the reason you all turned up in the foreign land in the first place.

For that reason, I've never made the pilgrimage to Gallipoli at this time of year. I don't feel like I need to add to the numbers. I don't want to be there to tick a box. I don't want to get drawn into some sort of celebration.

And most of all, if there is the partying element that I suspect there is, I don't want to be embarrassed by other Australians on the one day I'm supposed to be most proud of them.



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